How Long Can You Live Without Food? (2024)

As long as you have access to water, experts believe you can live up to two months without food.

The timeframe for survival without food is not exact, however. Aside from a lack of robust scientific data on the matter, every person is different. Personal factors like your starting body weight play a role.

This article discusses the question of how long you can go without food. It also discusses some of the complications that can happen when you don't eat.

How Long You Can Go Without Food

Your body is very resourceful. When you go without food, your body can obtain energy and fuel from its own fat. If needed, it can also use muscle stores.

The following timeline of what happens to your body when you go without food is not exact, but it can give you an idea of what may happen and when.

Fasting or deliberately going without food for short periods of time can be a healthy way to lose weight or manage certain medical conditions. However, it should only be done for hours, not days. Before you begin fasting, make sure to ask your healthcare provider if it's safe for you.

After 1 Day

Your body normally uses glucose, or sugar, as its main source of energy. When you don't eat, your glucose reserves are used up within one day.

After one day without food, your body releases a hormone called glucagon. This hormone tells your liver to make glucose. This glucose is used mostly to feed your brain.

After 2 or 3 Days

After two or three days without food, your body starts to break down fatty tissue. Your muscles use the fatty acids created during this process as their main source of fuel.

Fatty acids are also used to form ketones in the liver. Ketones are another substance the body can use for energy. These are released into the bloodstream. When the brain uses them for fuel, it doesn't need as much glucose.

Humans can survive without food because the liver can shift to ketone production.

After 7 Days

When the fatty acid reserves are gone, the body switches to protein. Depending on how little fatty tissue you had, it may take only a few days to reach this point. By one week, however, the bodies of most starving people will be actively breaking down muscle in order to obtain protein.

After 14 Days

As the breakdown of muscle speeds up, the body begins to lose heart, kidney, and liver function. This is what may ultimately lead to death.

Because a starving body lacks the resources to stay healthy, infection is another possible cause of death.

What Influences Survival Without Food

Sex, age, starting weight, and water consumption can all play into how long someone can go without food.

This is based on the limited research on this subject. For obvious ethical reasons, scientists cannot purposefully starve people in order to study this. Instead, many look at people who chose to starve themselves and were later evaluated by a doctor.

  • Sex: Females survive longer than males. This is true even in famines.
  • Age: Children are at higher risk of death during famines.
  • Starting weight: Research indicates that lean people can usually tolerate a loss of up to 18% of their body mass and will become weak after 30 to 50 days without food. Death usually occurs between 43 and 70 days. By contrast, people who are obese may be able to tolerate more than 20% body mass loss. These timeframes are likely long for them as well.
  • Water intake: Generally speaking, people can survive for longer without food if they drink plenty of water.

Water Fasting: What You Need to Know

Complications of Going Without Food

How Long Can You Live Without Food? (1)

Unless eating is resumed, starvation always leads to death. Before death, certain complications may occur. The number of body systems affected increases as weight loss increases.

Some of these complications include:

  • Bone loss
  • Muscle weakness and wasting
  • Feeling cold
  • Thinning or loss of hair
  • Dry skin
  • Constipation
  • In females, loss of menstruation
  • Fatigue, shortness of breath, and paleness from anemia, a lack of oxygen-carrying red blood cells

Summary

How long human beings can go without food is an open question. Estimates indicate that starving people become weak in 30 to 50 days and die in 43 to 70 days.

Individual factors including sex, age, starting weight, and water intake all play a role in how long someone can live without food.

The body works to fight starvation by producing glucose and breaking down fatty tissue. In later stages, it breaks down muscle.But without food, these efforts will fail and a person will ultimately die.

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

  1. Elliot B, Mina M, Ferrier C. Complete and voluntary starvation of 50 days. Clin Med Insights Case Rep. 2016;9:67-70. doi:10.4137/CCRep.S39776

  2. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Intermittent fasting: What is it, and how does it work?

  3. Steinhauser ML, Olenchock BA, O’Keefe J, et al. The circulating metabolome of human starvation. JCI Insight. 2018;3(16):e121434. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.121434

  4. Zarulli V, Barthold Jones JA, Oksuzyab A, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, Christensen K, Vaupel JW. Women live longer than men even during severe famines and epidemics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115(4):E832-E840. doi:10.1073/pnas.1701535115

  5. Yaussy SL, DeWitte SN. Patterns of frailty in non-adults from medieval London. Int J Paleopathol. 2018;22:1-7. doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.03.008

  6. Mehler P. Anorexia nervosa in adults and adolescents: Medical complications and their management.

Additional Reading

How Long Can You Live Without Food? (2)

By Angela Morrow, RN
Angela Morrow, RN, BSN, CHPN, is a certified hospice and palliative care nurse.

See Our Editorial Process

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How Long Can You Live Without Food? (2024)

FAQs

How Long Can You Live Without Food? ›

With no food and no water, the maximum time the body can survive is thought to be about one week . With water only, but no food, survival time may extend up to 2 to 3 months. Over time, a severely restricted food intake can reduce the lifespan.

How long can you go without eating enough? ›

The body needs the nutrients in food to survive. Without them, it will start to break down its own tissue to use as food. Starvation affects all of the body's systems and processes. It is difficult to determine how long someone can go without food, but experts believe that it is between 1 and 2 months.

Can you go 16 days without food or water? ›

According to one study, you cannot survive for more than 8 to 21 days without food and water. Individuals on their deathbeds who use little energy may only last a few days or weeks without food or water. Water is far more important to the human body than food.

How long can an elderly person live without food? ›

As a result of discontinuing eating, patients can die in as early as a few days. For most people, this period without food usually lasts about 10 days, but in rare instances, it can last several weeks.

What is the longest someone has lived without food? ›

Hunger strike doctors estimate that a well-nourished individual can survive without medical consequences on a diet of sugar and water for 30 days or more. The longest period for which anyone has gone without solid food is 382 days in the case of Angus Barbieri (UK) (b.

Can your body shut down from not eating enough? ›

Hypoglycaemia can occur in people who are very low weight, not eating enough calories and who have also depleted their glucose stores in their muscles and liver. If they cannot breakdown muscle fast enough to restore glucose in their blood, or if they don't have enough muscle left their heart may stop beating.

How long can you go without food before you start passing out? ›

If you don't eat for 4 days you may also experience faintness and dizziness. Once a person loses 10% of their body weight or has a BMI of 16.5 or less, complications due to starvation may begin.

How many days can a human survive without food? ›

Altogether, it seems possible to survive without food and drink within a time span of 8 to 21 days. If a person is only deprived of food, the survival time may even go up to about two months, although this is influenced by many factors.

How much weight will I lose on a 3 day water fast? ›

We watched hundreds of videos on 3 day water fasts and people reported losing between 4.5 lbs to 12 lbs on their fast. This depends on a lot of factors including starting weight and height. The three-day water fast can be a powerful tool for natural healing, weight loss, and overall well-being.

How much weight would I lose if I didn't eat for two weeks? ›

Fasting did seem to spur noticeable short-term weight loss, the researchers found. People who fasted for five days lost about 4% to 6% of their weight; those who fasted for seven to 10 days lost about 2% to 10%, and those who fasted for 15 to 20 days lost 7% to 10%.

What is the first organ to shut down when dying? ›

The first organ system to “close down” is the digestive system. Digestion is a lot of work! In the last few weeks, there is really no need to process food to build new cells. That energy needs to go elsewhere.

How to know when end of life is near for the elderly? ›

Weeks before death
  • Different sleep-wake patterns.
  • Little appetite and thirst.
  • Fewer and smaller bowel movements and less pee.
  • More pain.
  • Changes in blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate.
  • Body temperature ups and downs that may leave their skin cool, warm, moist, or pale.
May 22, 2024

How long after someone stops eating do they pass away? ›

People who stop eating and drinking eventually fall into a deep sleep and usually die in 1–3 weeks. Although these changes can cause you to worry, they are a natural part of the end of life. With your help, this transition can be more comfortable for your loved one.

Can you survive with just water and no food? ›

Answer and Explanation:

Malnutrition may develop as a result of a lack of nourishment. A human can survive for a brief period (3-10 days) simply by drinking water. Water is required by the body to carry out almost every process to maintain equilibrium and homeostasis.

What is the longest someone has survived without breathing? ›

Professional breath hold diver Budimir Šobat's world record of 24 minutes and 37 seconds holding his breath underwater. During a breath hold, the level of blood CO2 rises, and the O2 declines. The initial increase in the urge to breathe — let's say 30 seconds into the breath hold — primarily comes from the rising CO2.

What's the longest you can fast safely? ›

However, most fasting regimes suggest people fast for no more than 24 hours at a time. Throughout history, people have undertaken fasts for spiritual or religious reasons. However, in more recent years, people have also begun to use fasting as an overall health-promoting practice.

What happens if you don't eat for 7 days? ›

When the fatty acid reserves are gone, the body switches to protein. Depending on how little fatty tissue you had, it may take only a few days to reach this point. By one week, however, the bodies of most starving people will be actively breaking down muscle in order to obtain protein.

What are the three stages of starvation? ›

The first starts as early as a skipped meal; the second comes with any prolonged period of fasting when the body relies upon stored fats for energy. The third, and often fatal, stage is when all stored fats have been depleted and the body turns to bone and muscle as sources of energy.

How long is it safe to fast? ›

However, individuals should discuss fasting with their healthcare professional to determine the longest period of time that is safe and healthy for them to do so. However, most fasting regimes suggest people fast for no more than 24 hours at a time.

What happens to your body on a 7 day fast? ›

Weight loss: A seven-day fast is likely to cause weight loss since it lowers caloric intake and forces the body to burn fat and stored glycogen for energy, mentioned Dr Babina. Blood sugar control: Insulin sensitivity and blood sugar regulation may both be enhanced by fasting.

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